Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft FracturesThe tibia, or shinbone, is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body. A tibial shaft fracture occurs along the length of the bone, below the knee and above the ankle.It typically takes a major force to caus

Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar SpineSpinal fractures can vary widely in severity. Some fractures are very serious injuries that result from high-energy trauma and require emergency treatment. Other fractures can be the result of a lower-impa

Collateral Ligament InjuriesKnee ligament sprains or tears are a common sports injury. Your knee ligaments connect your thighbone to your lower leg bones. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are found on th

Malunion in the Lower LimbWhen a broken bone heals in an abnormal position, it is called a malunion. There are different abnormal positions in which a bone can heal. For example, the bone may be crooked, rotated, or shorter than it was before. A co

Bone TumorBone tumors develop when cells within a bone divide uncontrollably, forming a lump or mass of abnormal tissue.Most bone tumors are benign (not cancerous). Benign tumors are usually not life-threatening and, in most cases, will not sprea

Frozen ShoulderFrozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder. Over time, the shoulder becomes very hard to move.After a period of worsening symptoms, frozen shoulder tends to get better, although full

Upper Extremity Limb Length DiscrepancyAn upper extremity limb length discrepancy is a difference in the lengths of the arms. A discrepancy can be present when a child is born (congenital) or develop when a child is older as the result of injury, i

Elbow Injuries in the Throwing AthleteOverhand throwing places extremely high stresses on the elbow. In baseball pitchers and other throwing athletes, these high stresses are repeated many times and can lead to serious overuse injury.Unlike an ac